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| Frequent Asked Questions |
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| 1-Wire Weather Instrument Kit V3.0 |
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| 1 |
What is the difference between WSI Version 2 and WSI Version 3 |
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What's included with the WSI Kit? |
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What cable should I use to connect my WSI? |
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How long can the cable be? |
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What parameters are sensed by the unit? |
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The unit has two female modular connectors which one should I use? |
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Are there other sensors available? |
| 8 |
Where can I obtain more information about 1-Wire? |
| 9 |
Where can I obtain information about the WSI connector pinout? |
| 10 |
What is the purpose of the jumper included with the unit? |
| 11 |
Can I use an external power supply with the unit? |
| 12 |
Can I upgrade an old unit to the new V3 version? |
| 13 |
Where can I find more information about the Weather Instrument? |
| 14 |
I have one TAI8515 WSI and one TAI8585KIT based rain gauge. How should I make the connection if no external power supply is used? |
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I want to write my own software, where can I obtain information about the drivers to comunicate with the WSI? |
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What is the equation you use in your software to convert from RPM to MPH for the Wind Speed Sensor? |
| 17 |
Can I use the LINK adapter with the TAI8515 Weather Instrument? |
| 18 |
I recently bought a V3.0 from your web site, but the PCB inside indicates V2.0. Why? |
| 19 |
What are the different reed switches on the board for? |
| 20 |
I obtained the schematic for the TAI8515 from your site, but how are the IC's distributed on the PCB board? |
| 21 |
Do you have a diagram showing how the diferent elements of a 1-Wire are connected? |
| 22 |
What software can I use with your 1-Wire weather devices? |
| 23 |
What is consensus averaging (TAI8515 Wind Direction) ? |
| 24 |
Why is 16 points for wind direction enough? |
| 25 |
How accurate is our wind direction data? |
| 26 |
How is the relative humidity calculated on the TAI8540A and TAI8540B modules?
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| 27 |
What is the formula to calculate the Wind Chill with the TAI8515? |
| 28 |
Is it possible to connect an external power supply to a DS9097U adapter to improve power on the 1-Wire net? |
| 29 |
Why is the DS2423 counter of my TAI8515 Weather instrument not available when the DS9490 is used, and it is available with the other adapters (DS9097U, The Link , etc...) ? |
| 30 |
Why do I have to replace the ib90usb.dll file installed with my Weather instrument software V4, with the ib90usb.dll available at the download area to use the DS9490R adapter with my TAI8515 Weather instrument? |
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31 |
Why if I already replaced the ib90usb.dll V3.21beta4 file at my windows/system32 folder the software, downloaded from your site, reports that the version used s an older one? |
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| Q.1) |
What is the difference between WSI Version 2 and WSI Version 3 |
A.1) There are mainly two differences :
- The first one is that a DS18S20 is used instead of a DS1820 for temperature measurement. The DS18S20 is an upgraded version of the DS1820 IC.
- The second difference is that a DS2450 A/D converter is used instead of a DS2407+(7)DS2401 for wind direction sensing. That was made to minimize the load on the 1-wire network.
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| Q.2) |
What's included with the WSI Kit? |
A.2) The part list for the current V3.0 version is:
- -1- Wind Instrument (Anemometer, Temperature Sensor, Wind Direction Sensor)
- -1- RJ11-RJ11 60cms. Phone Wire (For longer distances the user should provide the
1 to 1 RJ11 cable)
-1- 30 cms Aluminum square tube ( 2.5 x 2.5 cms)
-1- Screw, nut set for the instrument to the square tube fix.
-1- Plastic caps for the aluminum square tube.
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| Q.3) |
What cable should I use to connect my WSI? |
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A.3) This is a hard question to answer, that depends on many factors. The one-wire network requires two conductors, one for data and the other for data ground. The cable type depends on how far the unit is from the adapter, what type of 1-Wire adapter you are using, the "electrical noise" on the enviroment where you want to install the unit etc... As a rule of thumb for installations with a cable length below 100 feet, on an "electrical quiet enviroment" (not near high RF sources),a normal phone wire line works fine. For lengths above 100 feets CAT5 network cable is recommended. Practice has shown that on a CAT5 cable the best to use is two solid color wire (Green/Blue, Yellow/Green) instead of a normal pair (Green/ White-Green). The reason is that the capacitance of two separate pairs is lower that the one of a single pair. In case the installation is made near a high RF source (HAM radio antenna for example) a CAT5 shielded cable is recommended. Just remember to connect only one side of the braid to ground . A more formal explanation about this matter can be found at the Application notes #148 and #159 at the Dallas Semiconductors website www.dalsemi.com
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| Q.4) |
How long can the cable be? |
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A.4) As we mentioned on question Q3 this is a hard to answer question. It depends on the cable used and the "electrical environment" noise. With CAT5 you can go to 300 feet , and with special care (controlling the signal shape, type of cable etc..) you can go farther than 1000 feet. A more formal explanation on this matter can be found at the Application notes #148 and #159 at the Dallas Semiconductors website www.dalsemi.com
We made tests about this matter and here are our results.
Test configuration
Where
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Segment A= 3 ft
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Segment B= 1 ft
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Segment C= Variable
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Segment D= 3 ft
Results for diferents Segment B lengths
| Cable Type |
DS9097U-S09 |
DS9097U-S09X |
DS9097U-S09+Filter |
DS9097U-S09X+Filter |
DS9490 USB Adapter |
The Link |
| 30fts Phone |
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| 60fts Phone |
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| 100fts Phone |
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| 150fts Phone |
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| 200fts Phone |
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| 300fts Phone |
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| CAT5 100fts |
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| CAT5 200fts |
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| CAT5 300fts |
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| CAT5 700fts |
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| CAT5 1000fts |
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Cables Tested:
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Phone : Modular (flat) phone cord 4conductors 26 gauge (Radio Shack 278-367) 
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CAT5: Condumex ,Type-CM,4 pairs,24AWG(Solid),Code 664501. Conductors used :
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| Q.5) |
What parameters are sensed by the unit? |
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A.5) With the unit included in the TAI8515 kit, three weather variables can be measured. Those are Wind Speed, Wind Direction and Temperature. The resolution for the Wind direction sensor is 22.5°, the accuracy for the Temperature sensor is +/-0.5°C . The Wind speed accuracy is about 2% from 10mph to 140 mph. Now some considerations should be taken. First the temperature sensor is located inside the unit, that isn't ventilated; so depending on the sun exposition, the temperature shown by the sensor can be higher than the one outside the unit. The second consideration is that the internal clock of the PC is used to calculate the Wind speed based on two or more times separated readings of a counter that is incremented two times per tour of the wind vane. So the accuracy of the PC clock and the way the software is written, influences the wind speed accuracy of the instrument.
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| Q.6) |
The unit has two female modular connectors which one should I use? |
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A.6) You can use either of the two connectors. Both connectors are wired in parallel providing a pass-thru connection to connect more one-wire devices on the network. A rain gauge for example
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| Q.7) |
Are there other sensors available? |
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A.7) Yes, you can find more 1-Wire Sensors & actuators at www.aagelectronica.com . You can find there the TAI8520 Temperature sensor, the TAI8540 Humidity Sensor, the TAI8570 Pressure sensor, and the TAI8585KIT that allows you to convert any bucket based rain gauge to be included in the 1-Wire network .
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| Q.8) |
Where can I obtain more information about 1-Wire? |
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A.8) There are several sites with information regarding. the 1-Wire devices, among which you have
www.dalsemi.com
www.ibutton.com
www.aagelectronica.com/weather/index.html
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| Q.9) |
Where can I obtain information about the WSI connector pinout? |
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A.9) The following PDF document has information about the different pinouts used on the different 1-Wire devices manufactured by AAG.
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| Q.10) |
What is the purpose of the jumper included with the unit? |
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A.10)The temperature sensor DS18S20 can be powered in two different ways. The first one is via the data line of the 1-Wire network. The second way is by providing 5volts to the Vdd pin of the chip. When the DS18S20 is powered via the data line the Vdd pin must be connected to ground to avoid undesired resets of the sensor due to electric noise. What the jumper does is connect the Vdd input of the DS18S20 to ground. The jumper should be installed ONLY when not external power is to be applied to the unit and only the two central pins on the connector are used. If you install your unit as part of a network where the 5volts are going to be supplied externally to this unit or to any other unit connected to the 1-Wire lan, the jumper should be REMOVED. This needs to be done to avoid a short circuit that damages the internal circuitry of the weather station unit.
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| Q.11) |
Can I use an external power supply with the unit? |
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A.11) Yes, on highly loaded networks, or when the serial or parallel port of your computer can't provide enough power to feed the different devices, you can use an external power supply. The TAI8530 is specially designed for this purpose. The maximun voltage allowed to the WSI is 5 volts. Special care should be taken on long lenght 1-wire lans. When you have several devices connected to your 1-Wire lan remember to provide a very low resistance path to the ground line to avoid negative pulses on the data line from the IC point of view.
Also be careful because there is a mismatch between the functions on the different pins on the WSI connector and in the rest of the 1-Wire devices. If you read the following document carefully , you can observe that the position for the 5V and GND lines on the RJ11 female connector of the WSI are in different positions with regard to the rest of the components. Only on the TAI8515 Version 2 and Version 3 Weather instruments, external 5volts should be applied between pins 5(GND) and 2(5Volts). In case you have different 1-Wire modules connected to the same 1-wire lan, and you are supplying external power source, the following cable configuration recommended to connect the WSI TAI8515 with the other devices on the network.
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| Q.12) |
Can I upgrade an old unit to the new V3 version? |
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A.12) Yes, but you must be careful, there are various versions of the WSI. We (AAG) only supplied one version before the current one, called V2. To upgrade from AAG V2 to the current V3, only the circuit board and the PC software need to be changed. To request information about price/availability of the V3 circuit board, please send an e-mail to infoaag@aag.com.mx . In case of previous versions supplied by Dallas Semiconductors, there were differences between the shafts, number of magnets, etc... So we recommend that you avoid extra costs by buying a V3 unit instead of trying to upgrade it.
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| Q.13) |
Where can I find more information about the Weather Instrument? |
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A.13)There are various places where more information can be obtained, among them are:
Weather Instrument Resource Center
Dallas Semiconductor Weather Instrument website
Sensors Magazine (May2001)
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| Q.14) |
I have one TAI8515 WSI and one TAI8585KIT based rain gauge. How should I make the connection if no external power supply is used? |
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A.14)In this situation it is recommended to include the jumper between pins 1 and 4 of the TAI8515 connector to avoid reading problems of the DS18S20 ( Question#10). The jumper can be made on only of the two RJ11 connectors available at the TAI8515 unit. The following figures gives one example:
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| Q.15) |
I want to write my own software, where can I obtain information about the drivers to communicate with the WSI? |
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A.15) The unit is based on the 1-Wire network developed by Maxim /Dallas Semiconductors. A good place to start is at their site devoted to the Weather Instrument . We fully recommend you to download and read the following documents from Dallas Semiconductors
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| Q.16) |
What is the equation you use in your software to convert from RPM to MPH for the Wind Speed Sensor? |
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A.16)The formula used to calculate the windspeed based on the rotor speed is:
Wind Speed (in miles per hour)=2.453*Vrotor( in revolutions per second)
Follows a extract of the code used on our software:
v := ((((NewCnt - OldCnt)*1000)/(NewTime - OldTime))/2)*SysSpeed;
if (v < 0)then
v := 0;
{Change from Revolutions/second tp MPH and KM/H}
vf := Round(2.453*v);
where Syspeed is a constant of calibration that is normally equal to 1
Note: The wind instrument TAI8515 V3 increments the internal counters two times per turn.
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| Q.17) |
Can I use the Link adapter with the TAI8515 Weather Instrument? |
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A.17)Yes, as a matter of fact the LINK is a great option, for long run installations or heavy load networks. You can obtain more information from their web site www.ibuttonlink.com Just be careful of the pinout of the adapter, please view question Q11 of this FAQ about this subject.
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| Q.18) |
I recently bought a V3.0 from your web site, but the PCB inside indicates V2.0. Why? |
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A.18)For the TAI8515 Weather Instrument V3.0 two different versions of PCB where made. V1.0 never went to public, the V2.0 that appears on the PCB correspond to the actual PCB Version and not to the Weather Instrument Version. The main difference between V3.0 and all other previous versions is that the wind direction sensor is based on the DS2450 1-Wire A/D converter. The history of the versions is:
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V1.0 Original Dallas Semiconductors design based on the DS2401/DS2407 chipset
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V2.0 First design offered by AAG based on the same DS2401/DS2407 chipset
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V3.0 Actual design offered by AAG based on the DS2450 chip set.
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| Q.19) |
What are the different reed switches on the board for? |
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A.19)The reed switches are used to sense de wind speed and the wind direction. The following pictures show the distribution of the diferent switches on the TAI8515 V3.0.
 
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| Q.20) |
I obtained the schematic for the V3.0 TAI8515 from your site, but how are the IC's distributed on the PCB board? |
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A.20)The distribution of the IC for the TAI8515 V3.0 is showed on the following image
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| Q.21) |
Do you have a diagram showing how the diferent elements of a1-Wire are connected? |
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A.21)Click here to view a simplified Road Map that can help you understant the interconnection capabilities of the TAI 1-Wire family of modules.
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| Q.22) |
What software can I use with your 1-Wire weather devices? |
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A.22) Here is a table that shows the diferent software available for the weather instruments.
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| Color Meaning |
| Suported |
| With Restrictions |
| Not Suported |
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| Q.23) |
What is consensus averaging (TAI8515 Wind Direction) ? |
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A.23) This is an explanation of the averaging of 1-Wire Weather Station wind direction data. The averaging used here is called consensus averaging, because only the subset of data that is in consensus is used in the averaging process. Consensus averaging is very useful for averaging widely separated data as can occur from a wind vane in turbulent atmospheric flow. Consensus averaging also simplifies the north crossover problem where data suddenly jumps from 359 to zero.
In our weather station, an individual data period is about 5 seconds and the averaging time is 5 minutes. For the direction data, each 5 second data period results in one of 16 numbers which represent the state of the reed switches closed by a moving magnetic connected to the wind vane. Each of the 16 numbers represent a section of azimuth. The numbers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 represent 45 degree sections centered on the N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW directions. The odd numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 represent 22.5 degree sections centered between the directions represented by even numbers. In 5 minutes, we will get about 60 counts total in the 16 different azimuth bins. It is convenient to let the units of azimuth be half degrees, so that in a complete rotation of the wind vane it goes through 720 units or half degrees.
Assume that the center of rotation of the wind vane is directly north of the support point. If this is not the case, a software input allows you to enter the offset so that the wind vane can be oriented in any direction.
We start with 16 bins numbered i = 0, 1, 2, ... , 15 where increasing i implies clockwise rotation and each bin has a number n(i) indicating the number of counts that were in that azimuth bin during the 5 minute period. Then add 4 more bins with numbers as shown below.
Bin Number Direction
0 n(0) N
1 n(1) NNE
2 n(2) NE
3 n(3) ENE
4 n(4) E
5 n(5) ESE
6 n(6) SE
7 n(7) SSE
8 n(8) S
9 n(9) SSW
10 n(10) SW
11 n(11) WSW
12 n(12) W
13 n(13) WNW
14 n(14) NW
15 n(15) NNW
16 n(16) = n(0)
17 n(17) = n(1)
18 n(18) = n(2)
19 n(19) = n(3)
Next set up a pointer that starts at bin 0 and goes to bin 15. The purpose of this is to find which set of five adjacent bins has the most total counts. When the pointer is at bin i, form this sum, sum = n(i) + n(i+1) + n(i+2) + n(i+3) + n(i+4).
Then find which i = 0,...,15 has the largest sum (call that bin I) and what this maximum sum is (call it S) and save both. The number of half degrees from north to the region we will start the averaging is I * 45.
Next, do the actual averaging by forming this weighted sum, W = ( n(I+1) + 2 * n(I+2) + 3 * n(I+3) + 4 * n(I+4) ) * 45 / S
Note that we don't have to include 0 * n(I) since it is always zero. The division here (which should be done last) can be integer division.
Then form the term, D = I * 45 + W, which is the direction in half degrees. This could exceed 720, so check to see if D > 720 and if so then subtract 720. Next, to convert to degrees, divide by 2 and the result is the average direction in degrees.
If there is an offset from north due to how the unit is mounted, then add that offset, check to see if the resultant is greater than 360, and if so then subtract 360 to get the direction. This is the number which is transmitted as the wind direction every 5 minutes.
Russ Chadwick / William Beals
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| Q.24) |
Why is 16 points for wind direction enough? |
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A.24) With only 16 points for wind direction data, it is natural to be concerned if that is enough points to be able to report wind direction with any decent kind of accuracy. Russ and I had the same concerns when we first evaluated the Dallas weather station too. After a lot of thinking (and a lot of math for Russ), we feel that 16 points is indeed enough. Two things work in our favor. First, the wind direction is very "noisy" data. Even with a consistent wind direction, the weather vane wiggles a LOT around the average position. This is due to lots of localized turbulence. This is normal, and unavoidable. The second thing in our favor is that we do lots of averaging (60 samples per 5-minute window). This has two very nice effects. The first is to get a more accurate picture of the average wind direction. In doing so, we also greatly enhance the accuracy of our samples beyond the level of the basic sensor themselves. This can be explained better with a few examples:
Imagine our sensor had only 45-degree accuracy and average wind direction was 22.5 degrees. When the wind vane wobbles around, half the time it would be read as 45 degrees, and the other half, it would read 0 degrees. The average of all those readings (1/2 at 0, 1/2 at 45) will be 22.5. If the average wind direction was 34 degrees (3/4ths between 0 and 45), then as the wind vane wobbled around that average direction, ¼ of the samples would be 0 and 3/4 would be 45.
That is the general idea on why 16 points are enough. If you want to get into a lot more math behind the justification, see the link "HOW ACCURATE IS OUR WIND DIRECTION DATA?" below
Russ Chadwick / William Beals
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| Q.26) |
How is the relative humidity calculated on the TAI8540A and TAI8540B modules? |
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A.26) The output of the Honeywell HIH-3610 humidity sensor is an analog voltage proportional to the supply voltage. Consequently, converting it to relative humidity (RH) requires that both the supply and sensor output voltages be taken into account according to the formula:
Sensor RH = (VOUT / VSUPPLY ) – 0.16 / 0.0062, typical at 25°C
To correct the calculation for temperature and compute true RH, use:
true RH = sensor RH / (1.0546 –0.00216 T)
where T is in °C
Since the DS2438 reports temperature in °C, this is the most convenient formula for use with the 1-Wire humidity sensor. If temperature is known in °F, however, true RH can be calculated by:
true RH = sensor RH / (1.093 – 0.0012 T)
where T is in °F
Reprinted from 1-Wire Humidity Sensor by Dan Awtrey, Sensor Magazine
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| Q.27) |
What is the formula to calculate the Wind Chill with the TAI8515? |
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A.27)The formula is:
WC(F) = 35.74 + 0.6215T - 35.75(V**0.16) + 0.4275T(V**0.16)
Wind Chill is only valid T < 50F and V > 3 mph.
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| Q.28) |
Is it possible to connect an external power supply to a DS9097U adapter to improve power on the 1-Wire net? |
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A.28) Yes. To add an external DC supply to the DS9097 Serial to 1-Wire adapter, open the case by springing the four plastic corner ‘fingers’ that hold the DB9 connector and pulling the connector out of the case. Referring to the DS9097 schematic (Figure 16 on page 17 of Tech Brief 1, http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/tb1.pdf) solder a short length of wire, say black, to pin 5 (GND) of the connector and the cathode of a diode such as a 1N914 to the positive side of capacitor C4. Next, solder another short length of wire, say red, to the anode of the diode. Connecting the external supply through the series connected diode forms an OR gate with input diodes D1-D3 of the DS9097U which permits the LP2980 voltage regulator to draw power from either the external or serial port depending upon which voltage is higher. This arrangement also prevents the external supply from feeding back into the serial port and holding a port pin positive. Tie a knot in the wires to provide strain relief and bring both wires out through a small hole drilled in a convenient location in the case. A standard 9V battery clip with leads could be used to provide both the wires and external power connector. Close the case and observing polarity, connect the external DC supply to the connector.
In selecting a external power source, keep in mind that the LP2980 limits its output current to 50mA, any more is just 'reserve'. Note however, that should a short occur on the net the FULL current from the external supply will flow. In fact, the 12V zener connected across the LP2980 input will be destroyed if the voltage seen at the cathode end is enough to turn it on. This condition limits the input voltage from the external supply to 12V minus the voltage drop of the series diode used. Any clean DC source between 6V and 9V should prove satisfactory.
USE A DC SOURCE. Use of an external ac power source is not recommended for two reasons.
1) It exposes the circuitry and 1-Wire net to 60Hz interference and any glitches or discontinuities due to addition or removal of heavy loads on the mains plus SCR and Triac noise.
2) The diodes internal to the DS9097 will half-wave rectify the ac input, so external power will be available for approximately 8 milliseconds, followed by no external power for the same interval.
Dan Awtrey (12-Dic-2003)
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| Q.29) |
Why is the DS2423 counter of my TAI8515 Weather instrument not available when the DS9490 is used, and it is available with the other adapters (DS9097U, The Link , etc...) ? |
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A.29) The original question is:
" I have two weather stations, one original Dallas model and one which I just bought, along with a DS9490 USB interface, from AAG. I am using the latest, Weather Station v4, software and the USB drivers for the DS9490
Both weather stations (new and old) work perfectly when used with a DS9097 serial port interface, however when used with the new DS9490 USB adapter neither station’s wind speed sensor works. In both cases the software cannot find the DS2423 counter used to measure the wind speed. Everything else (temperature, wind direction) works fine.
Again, this problem only happens when I use the DS9490 USB adapter. Both weather stations are fine with the older DS9097U interface
Can you tell me what’s wrong?"
The problem is due to a combination of factors. The 1-Wire drivers installed with our software are the ones available a www.ibutton.com . To support the DS9490R a driver named ib90usb.dll is installed at windows/system32 folder. The driver included on the actual version available at the time of this writing at the www.ibutton.com site is ib90usb.dll V3.21Beta3. The 1-Wire master circuit included in the DS9490R adapter permits the user to change various parameters. Among them is the pull down slew rate (PDSRC). That is how fast the 1-Wire master is going to pull down the 1-Wire line each time he needs to access the 1-Wire LAN. The parameters are sended by the driver to the DS9490R each time the adapter is selected. The actual drivers send a configuration value of around 1 volt/usec. This value work fine for long lines and for the most of the 1-wire devices, but we found some DS2423 counters that don't work at this conditions. At the V3.21Beta2 version the value of this parameter is "hardcoded" that means that can not be changed from that particular value. The new driver available at our site is the ib90usb.dll V3.21Beta4. This driver has a different default value for this parameter that the older one. The actual value is 1.37 volts/usec. This is a faster slope than the other driver, and is perfectly recognized by the DS2423. This change perhaps is going to affect how large can be the 1-Wire line connected to the DS9490. Another advantage of this driver is that exposes a function that allow us to modify this parameters without replacing the driver. A software tool to modify modify the parameters is available at the Dallas Semiconductors FTP site, the name is tmline_v0 and can be downloaded from here.
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| Q.30) |
Why do I have to replace the ib90usb.dll file installed with my Weather instrument software V4, with the ib90usb.dll available at the download area to use the DS9490R adapter with my TAI8515 Weather instrument? |
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A.30) Refer to question #29
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| Q.31) |
Why if I already replaced the ib90usb.dll V3.21beta4 file at my windows/system32 folder the software, downloaded from your site, reports that the version used s an older one? |
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A.31) Some of the software available at www.aagelectronica.com reinstalls the 1-Wire drivers at the same folder where the main program is installed. When the such program is executed, the drivers selected by the software are the local ones first, and in case there are no drivers available at the local folder then the folder windows/system32 folder is searched for the drivers. To avoid the behavior reported on your question you can:
or
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